SCULPTURE: Itis the branch of the visual arts that operates in three-dimensions .
It is relatively small work from architecture.
A single piece of sculpture is usually made of single type of material.
It involves creativity and imagination and may not depend on heavily on accurate measurement.
TYPES OF SCULPTURE:
There are 4 types of sculpture i.e.
a. stone carving
b. bronze casting
c. Wood carving
d. clay firing
IMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF SCULPTURE IN IVC :
A.STONE SCULPTURE:-
1) Bearded priest. -
* Found in Mohenjodaro.
* Made up of steatite or soapstone
* It is the figure of a bearded man drapped in a shawl with trifoil pattern.The eyes are elongated and half closed as in meditation.
2) Male torso harappa :-
* Found in Harappa
* Made up of red sandstone
* There are socket holes in te neck amd shoulders for the attachment of head and arms .
*It has slightly prominent abdomen.
* It has the frontal pousture with well backed shoulders.
B. BRONZE SCULPTURE :-
*Bronze sculptures was created using lost wax techniques (cireper due). Tin and copper combined made bronze.
*Lost wax technique- in this technique, wax figures are first coated with wet clay and allowed to dry . The clay coated figures are them heated , allowing the wax inside to melt .The wax is then poured out through a tiny hole and liquid metal is poured inside the hollow mould. After the metal has cooled down and solidified, the clay coat is removed and a metal figure of the same shape as the wax figure is obtained .Even now in many parts of the country the same technique is practiced.
Eg.of bronze sculpture -
1)Bronze bull of kalibangan :-
2)Dancing girl of Mohenjodaro:
* It is the oldest bronze sculpture found in mohenjodaro.
*The 4 inch figure dipicts a nacked girl wearing only ornaments which includes bangels in the left arm and amulet and bracelet on the right arm.
* It stands in tribhanga (3bend) dancing posture with the right hand on her hip.
3) Buffalo of Mohenjodaro:-
* Found in mohenjodaro and deserves mention because of its massiveness of the bull and the fury of the charge are eloquently expressed
* The animal is shown standing with his head turned to the right and with a cord arround the neck.
C.. TERRACOTTA SCULPTURES
* It was made from clay backed on fire .
* Compared to the bronze figures the terracotta sculptures found are less in number and crude in shape and form.
*They were made using pinching method and have been found mostly in the sites of Gujrat and kalibangan .
Examples-
1) Mother godess:-
*It is the most abundant image found from indus valley which highlights its importance.
*It is a crude figure of a standing female adorned with necklaces hanging over prominent breasts .
*She is wearing a loin cloth and a girdle.
*She also wears a fan shaped headgear.
*The facial features are also shown crudely and lacks finensse
*She was probably worshipped for prosperity.
*She might also have been a godess of fertility cults.
2)Mask of horned deity:-
Miniature mask from mohenjodaro of bearded horned deity.
The faceis made from a mould and thumb impression from pressing the clay are visible on the back.
The mouth is romber and the eyes are almond shaped and open.
It has two horns in forehead and two long ears lay against the horns.
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